E-M123* (E-Y31991) haplogroup

This blog serves only as a public spreadsheet (not a blog for posting different publications) for all known cases of the rare haplogroup E-M123* (a.k.a. E-PF4428 or E-Y31991) made for reference for people online. If you are confirmed as part of this haplogroup, please make sure to join the E-M35 project at FamilyTreeDna.com

E-M123* is spread among Europeans and Middle Easterners. The homeland of this haplogroup is in the Middle East in the Neolithic period. It is hard to establish a time frame when it migrated towards Europe at this point. The frequency everywhere is around 0.5% of the population or even less. 

E-M123* is present on Yfull.com as E-Y31991 - https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y31991/

Here is a list of all known cases. However, there are another 98 cases in the FamilyTreeDna database that lack any information and they are not included here. All personal names are removed. The list will be updated.

EUROPE:

PORTUGAL:

B47569 Pico Island AZ Portugal E-BY56961 - located in E-M35 project.

B12394 Portugal E-BY56961 - located in E-M35 project.

E13934 Portugal E-M123 (listed as M123>FT20896>FGC62222>BY45422>BY56961 ) - located in E-M35 project.

N114331 Brazil/Portugal E-F42   - located in E-M35 project.

Z1265  Portugal E-M35 (listed as PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>Y168273>FT17866) - located in E-M35 project.

354011 ilha Madeira Portugal E-M35 (listed as PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>Y168273>FT17866)   - located in E-M35 project.

B437412   Brazil/Portugal E-PF4428 - located in E-M35 project.

MK39629 Valença do Minho Portugal E-FT17866   - located in E-M35 project.

Scientific-sample 1 - PORTUGAL-NORTH - Source:  Flores et al. (2005)

Scientific-sample 2 - PORTUGAL-NORTH - Source: Flores et al. (2005)

Scientific-sample 3 - PORTUGAL-NORTH - Source: Gonçalves et al. (2005)

Scientific-sample 4 - PORTUGAL-NORTH - Source: Gonçalves et al. (2005)

Scientific-sample 5 - Madeira island, North-East - Source:  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229171430_Analysis_of_Y-chromosome_and_mtDNA_variability_in_the_Madeira_Archipelago_population

Scientific-sample 6 - Madeira island, West - Source:  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229171430_Analysis_of_Y-chromosome_and_mtDNA_variability_in_the_Madeira_Archipelago_population

Scientific-sample 7 - Madeira island, West - Source:  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229171430_Analysis_of_Y-chromosome_and_mtDNA_variability_in_the_Madeira_Archipelago_population

Scientific-sample 8 - Madeira island, Funchal city - Source:  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229171430_Analysis_of_Y-chromosome_and_mtDNA_variability_in_the_Madeira_Archipelago_population

Scientific-sample 9 - Braga - listed as e3b1c* - Source: Beleza et al 2006 (the exact supplementary table is uploaded here)

Scientific-sample 10 - Porto - listed as e3b1c*  - Source: Beleza et al 2006 (the exact supplementary table is uploaded here)

Scientific-sample 11 - Braganca - listed as e3b1c*  - Source: Beleza et al 2006 (the exact supplementary table is uploaded here)

Scientific-sample 12 - Aveiro - listed as e3b1c*  - Source: Beleza et al 2006 (the exact supplementary table is uploaded here)

Scientific-sample 13 - Coimbra - listed as e3b1c*  - Source: Beleza et al 2006 (the exact supplementary table is uploaded here)


Scientific-sample 14 - Beja - listed as e3b1c*  - Source: Beleza et al 2006 (the exact supplementary table is uploaded here)

 
KIT 230223    -     E-FT17866   -  located in E-M35 project.


KIT N89846    -    E-FT17866   -    MEXICO  - located in E-M35 project.


KIT 927671    -    E-FT17866   -   Portugal, Azore islands --- located in E-M35 project.

NO-KIT-INFO - E-PF4428  -  Portugal - Source: Nebula genomics

SPAIN:

N33412 Sample 1 - Spain, Galicia - found in Galicia DNA project.

N34162 Sample 2 - Spain, Galicia - found in Galicia DNA project

Scientific-sample 9 - Spain, Galicia, Baixo Minho - Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8608827_Hierarchical_analysis_of_30_Y-chromosome_SNPs_in_European_populations

NO-KIT-INFO - SPAIN, E-FT17866 - source - https://www.familytreedna.com/public/y-dna-haplotree/E;name=E-FT17866

NO-KIT-INFO - No name, SPAIN, Galicia, Lugo  - FTDNA database.

Scientific-sample 1 - Madrid - Source: The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

Scientific-sample 2 - Lerida - Source: The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

Scientific-sample 3 - Salamanca - Source: The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

Scientific-sample 4 - Tenerife - Source: A Predominant European Ancestry of Paternal Lineages from Canary Islanders

Scientific-sample 5 - Tenerife - Source: A Predominant European Ancestry of Paternal Lineages from Canary Islanders

Scientific-sample 6 - Tenerife - Source: A Predominant European Ancestry of Paternal Lineages from Canary Islanders

Scientific-sample 7 - Catalonia (Alt Urgell sub-region) - Source: In search of the Pre‐ and Post‐Neolithic Genetic Substrates in Iberia: Evidence from Y‐Chromosome in Pyrenean Populations

NO-KIT-INFO 1 - MEXICO - FTDNA database.

NO-KIT-INFO 2 - MEXICO - FTDNA database.

NO-KIT-INFO 3 - MEXICO - FTDNA database.

MI74575 - Galicia - E-FT17866 - Source: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/E3b

ITALY:

FTDNA kit 233257 - Italy - source: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/E3b

Scientific-sample 1 - Friuli region, Udine - Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519480/

Scientific-sample 2 - Marche region, Offida - Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519480/

Scientific-sample 3 - Volterra - Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014460.2017.1409801?journalCode=iahb20

Scientific-sample 4 - Volterra - Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014460.2017.1409801?journalCode=iahb20

Scientific-sample 5 - Apulia - Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014460.2017.1409801?journalCode=iahb20

Scientific-sample 6 - Graecia Salentina - Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014460.2017.1409801?journalCode=iahb20

Scientific-sample 7 - SARDINIA - Source: Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case

Scientific-sample 8 - SARDINIA - Source: Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case

Scientific-sample 9 - SARDINIA - Source: Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case

Scientific-sample 10 - SARDINIA - Source: Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case

Scientific-sample 11 - SARDINIA - Source: Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case

Scientific-sample 12 - South Tyrol - E-FGC62258 (Levantine branch) - Source: "Ancestry and kinship in an Late Antiquity-early medieval cemetery in the eastern Italian Alps" paper - This sample is from the Early Medieval period and the TMRCA is showing split with the Middle-East in 2000 YBP which seems very related to the Roman Imperial period and the import of populations from Anatolia and the Middle-East. 

NO-KIT-INFO 1 - ITALY - Source: FTDNA Block-tree (BigY)

NO-KIT-INFO 2 - ITALY - Source: FTDNA Block-tree (BigY)

ESTONIA:

Scientific-sample - E-Y84586 from Parnu Estonia - Source: Phylogenetic history of patrilineages rare in northern and eastern Europe from large-scale re-sequencing of human Y-chromosomes (this sample falls within the E-Y31991* branch and it is for sure a German lineage because the same study found the same haplogroup in an ethnic German from Estonia.)

ROMANIA:

B620001 Romania E-M35 (E-BY36857) - located in E-M35 project.

N210983 Romania E-BY36857 - located in E-M35 project.

MOLDOVA:

NO-KIT-INFO - Moldova, E-PF4428 - located in http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/30541

BULGARIA:

Scientific-sample 1 - BULGARIA - Source: Cruciani et al. (2004) 

GREECE:

NO-KIT-INFO - Greece, Evrotas, South Lakonia, Peloponnese - E-PF4428 -  - source: FTDNA E-m35 project feed - based on 111 STR marker prediction confirmed to be 100% E-PF4428

NO-KIT-INFO 2 - Greece - Source: FTDNA Block-tree


NO-KIT-INFO 3 - Greece - Source: FTDNA Block-tree


NO-KIT-INFO 4 - Greece - Source: FTDNA Block-tree


IN115397 - E-PF4428 - Greece - Source: FTDNA E3b project

HUNGARY:

Scientific sample 1: E-PF4428 (predicted) - Baranja (Hungarian from North-East Croatia) - Source: "Phylogenetic study of the Hungarian-speaking Baranja (Croatia) and Zobor region (Slovakia) populations"

FRANCE:

B67664   France E-Z827 (listed as M123>FT20896>FGC62222>PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>BY36857)  - located in E-M35 project

219650   E-M35 (listed as M123>FT20896>FGC62222>PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>BY36857) - located in E-M35 project

746388 E-M35 (listed as M123>FT20896>FGC62222>PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>BY36857) - located in E-M35 project

N16155 E-M123 (listed as M123>FT20896>FGC62222>PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>BY36857) - located in E-M35 project

185160 France E-M35 (listed as M123>FT20896>FGC62222>PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>BY36857) - located in E-M35 project

NO-KIT-INFO,   France - info from haplozone.net


NO-KIT-INFO 2 - France - Source FTDNA Block-tree (and also was present on Yfull until recently).

GERMANY:

E21267 Bublitz, Pomerania Germany E-BY45418  - on YFULL - located in E-M35 project

NO-KIT-INFO - GERMANY - E-BY45418 - only present in the FTDNA's public haplotree, along with the above mentioned sample.

90966 Germany E-M123 (listed as PF4428>Y134123>BY36858>Y168273)  - located in E-M35 project

277782  Germany E-Y168273  - located in E-M35 project

130140 Altengronau, Germany Germany E-M35   - located in E-M35 project

NO-KIT-INFO, Germany, Thuringia, Eisenach,  E-PF4428 - located in https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/wiegand/276/

256116 Deutsch Gerisdorf, Austria E-M123  - located in E-M35 project

132317 Germany E-M123 (listed simply as M123* (M34-)) - located in E-M35 project

299149 E-M35 (listed simply as M123* (M34-)) - located in E-M35 project

695295 Germany E-M35 (listed simply as M123* (M34-))  - located in E-M35 project

Scientific-sample - E-Y84586 - German from Estonia - Source: Phylogenetic history of patrilineages rare in northern and eastern Europe from large-scale re-sequencing of human Y-chromosomes

NETHERLANDS:

 

Scientific-sample 1 - Noord Brabant - Source: Micro-geographic distribution of Y-chromosomal variation in the central-western European region Brabant

NO-KIT-INFO, FTDNA user - E-V5965 - Netherlands - Source: Ftdna public Y tree - https://www.familytreedna.com/public/y-dna-haplotree/

BELGIUM:

Scientific-sample 1 - Flemish Brabant (Dutch surname) - Source: In the name of the migrant father—Analysis of surname origins identifies genetic admixture events undetectable from genealogical records 

ENGLAND:

NO-KIT-INFO - England - Source: FTDNA Block-tree (listed simply as E-PF4428 with no subclade present).

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (in the Russian Federation):

Yfull id YF120936  -  E-Y134120* -  Adyghe ethnicity - https://www.yfull.com/live/tree/E-Y134120*/ - the oldest downstream of E-PF4428 so far

MIDDLE  EAST:

PALESTINE:

N248777 Palestinian Territory E-PF4428 - located in PALESTINIAN DNA PROJECT

417479 Palestinian Territory E-M35 (E-PF1962>E-M123>FT20896>PF4428)  - located in E-M84 PROJECT

417463 Palestinian Territory E-M35 (E-PF1962>E-M123>FT20896>PF4428) - located in E-M84 PROJECT 

199076 Palestinian Territory E-BY62720 - located in E-M35 project

134569 Palestinian Territory E-M35 - located in E-M35 project (most likely E-BY45418)

B307573 Palestinian Territory E-FT194695 - located in E-M35 project

Scientific-sample 1 - E-M123*(xM34) - Source: Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean

Scientific-sample 2 -  E-M123*(xM34) - Source: Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean

Scientific-sample GS000016217-ASM -  E-M123*(xM34) from Abu Snan - Source: Karmin et al 2015.

IN115811 - Palestine - E-PF4428 - Source: FTDNA E3b project

JORDAN:

721137 Jordan E-M35 (E-PF1962>E-M123>FT20896>PF4428) - located in E-M84 PROJECT 

173386 Jordan E-M123 (listed simply as M123* (M34-)) - located in E-M35 project


BP34931    JORDAN     E-PF4428 - Source: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/NatufiansDNA

Scientific-sample 1 - Jordan, Amman - Source: Flores et al. (2005)

Scientific-sample 2 - Jordan - sample 16Am65 Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312577/

Scientific-sample 3 - Jordan -
sample 16Am71 - Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312577/

YEMEN:

BP10747 - Yemen, E-FGC62255 - located in E-M35 project 


59690   - Yemen, Taizz - Source: Twitter, https://twitter.com/Arabsouth_ydna

YFULL user - E-Y30965* - Source: https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y30965*/

NO-KIT-INFO - E-FT263838 - Source: E3b project FTDNA

LEBANON:

M11423 Hasbaya city       Lebanon E-FGC62257 - located in E-M35 project

M11233 Rashaya city (YF08651)) Lebanon, Druze religion   E-FGC62257 - located in E-M35 project and E-M84 project and DRUZE PROJECT

M12175 Lebanon E-M35, Druze religion  (listed as M123>PF4428>FGC62255>FGC62257 - located in DRUZE DNA PROJECT

M12118 Lebanon E-M35, Druze religion (listed as M123>PF4428>FGC62255>FGC62257 (FGC62255 Formed 6700 ybp)) - located in DRUZE DNA PROJECT

M12165 Lebanon E-M35, Druze religion (listed as M123>PF4428>FGC62255>FGC62257 (FGC62255 Formed 6700 ybp)) - located in DRUZE DNA PROJECT

M12121 Lebanon E-PF4428, Druze religion  (listed as M123>PF4428>FGC62255>FGC62257 (FGC62255 Formed 6700 ybp)) - located in DRUZE DNA PROJECT

M12129 Lebanon E-M35, Druze religion (listed as M123>PF4428>FGC62255>FGC62257 (FGC62255 Formed 6700 ybp)) - located in DRUZE DNA PROJECT

Scientific-sample 1 - North Lebanon, Sunni Muslim - Source: Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events

Scientific-sample 2 - Beirut,  E-PF4428, Orthodox Christian - Source: Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events

SYRIA:

IN75276 Syrian Arab Republic E-FGC62257 - located in E-M35 project

Scientific-sample 1 - E-PF4428 - Source: Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean

Scientific-sample 2 - E-PF4428 - Source: Geographical structure of the Y-chromosomal genetic landscape of the Levant: a coastal-inland contrast

KIT 55931 - E-PF4428  -  Aleppo, SYRIA - source: Twitter, https://twitter.com/dnasyria?lang=en

NO-KIT-INFO - E-FGC62257 - Syria - Source: Twitter, https://twitter.com/dnasyria?lang=en

BP51277 - Hama, Syria - E-PF4428 - Source: e3b project FTDNA

IRAQ:

Scientific-sample 1 - South Iraq, Marsh Arabs - Source: In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq)

Scientific-sample 2 - South Iraq, Marsh Arabs - Source: In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq)

QATAR: 

Scientific-sample - QATAR - present on YFULL - https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y31991/

TUNIS:

Scientific-sample 1 - Source: Arredi et al. (2004) 

ALGERIA:

B624670 - Algeria - E-PF4428 - Source: Natufians DNA project.

ARMENIA:

750132 Armenia E-M35 (listed as E-BY45418) - located in E-M35 project

172682 Agn/Dersim Armenia E-M123 (M123* (M34-))    - located in E-M35 project

IRAN:

Scientific-sample 1 - Mazandarani Iranian, Mazandaran Province - Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0041252

Scientific-sample 2 - Khuzestan Arabs, Khuzestan region, Western Iran - Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0041252

NO-KIT-INFO - Iran - Source: FTDNA Block-tree

EGYPT:

Scientific-sample 1 - Northern Egypt - Source: Eugenia D’Atanasio et al. - https://iris.uniroma1.it/retrieve/handle/11573/1187215/884345/D%27Atanasio_Rapidly_post2019.pdf

Yfull user YF109096 - E-Y30967* - source: https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y30967/

SUDAN:

Yfull user YF110738 - E-Y134111* - Source: https://www.yfull.com/live/tree/E-Y134096/

KIT M8245 - E-Y134123 - SUDAN - Source: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/NatufiansDNA?iframe=yresults

NO-KIT-INFO - Sudan - Source: FTDNA Block-tree

(Sudanese samples appear to be related to the Arabic migration that spread Islam there). 

***

ANCIENT SAMPLES

Although the following ancient samples are E-M123*, they belong to a parallel branch of E-Y31991 (present only in FTDNA's database listed as "E-FT179548") that does not have any known living descendants. E-FT179548 probably branched from E-Y31991 in the Mesolithic period or early Neolithic. More data is needed to establish any clear continuity. Edit - based on 2024 data, E-FT179548 branched not from E-Y31991 but they both stem from another haplogroup called in FTDNA E-FT20896 with split 15,000 YBP. 

E-FT179548 is interesting that does not show the same distribution as E-Y31991 and E-PF4428 (both being European + Middle-Eastern) but has considerable presence in ancient remains connected to ancient Indo-Iranian people (all ancient samples are listed below) and modern descendants found in England, Uzbekistan, and Kurdistan. The English cases being a remarkable instance of Sarmatian troops surviving in modern population probably related to the Roman period. 

DA19 - Central steppe E-FT167798* (E1b) U7a4 2631 Kazakhstan - Central Saka culture (631 BC). 

ALN008 - Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Burials #360/12 E-FT167798* (E1b) D4j 1700 Kyrgyzstan - Alai_Nura_300CE (Late Saka culture). 

I6900 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) .. 3213 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I1985 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) M 3045 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I1992 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) H2a2 2979 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I6194 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) U8b1a 2950 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I6197 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) M65a 2950 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I1799 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) T2a1b 2933 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I3262 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) H14a 2885 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

I6899 - Swat Valley, Udegram E-FT377116 (E1b) .. 2811 Pakistan - Udegram_IA

Those samples are found within time period between 1200 BC to 800 BC - they are related to a population of mixed Indo-Aryan and native population. Not really clear if those samples are related to the local level population (Indo-Aryans being mostly R1a-Z93) but we also see the same haplogroups in 2 different Saka-Scythian groups in the north, and also in modern Kurdish and Uzbeki people). Question remains whether E-FT377116 migrated to Central Asia on its own in the Neolithic period, and was picked up by various Indo-Iranian peoples from there; or it was carried with R1a-Z93 people with their eastward expansion from elsewhere. 

These are the modern descendants of this rare branch:

N18270 England E-M123 (listed as M123>FT20896>FT179548>FT169238>FT167798)  - located in E-M35 project

MK59635  E-M35 (listed as M123>FT20896>FT179548>FT169238>FT167798)  - located in E-M35 project

N23721 England E-M123 (listed as M123>FT20896>FT179548>FT169238>FT167798)  - located in E-M35 project

42171 E-M123 (listed as M123>FT20896>FT179548>FT169238>FT167798)  - located in E-M35 project

N39348 United Kingdom E-M123 (listed as M123>FT20896>FT179548>FT169238>FT167798)   - located in E-M35 project

B40123 E-M35 (listed as M123>FT20896>FT179548>FT169238>FT167798) - located in E-M35 project

986562 - E-FTD21820 - England - - located in E-M35 project


NO-KIT-INFO - England - Source FTDNA Block-tree


NO-KIT-INFO - USA - Source FTDNA Block-tree


NO-KIT-INFO - USA - Source FTDNA Block-tree


NO-KIT-INFO - USA - Source FTDNA Block-tree


NO-KIT-INFO - USA - Source FTDNA Block-tree

NO-KIT-INFO - Uzbekistan - Source: FTDNA Block-tree

NO-KIT-INFO - E-Y334522 - Kurdistan, Igdir - Source: https://www.theytree.com/tree/E-FT20896  / https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y334522/

From what I was able to find as info, the USA people have paternal roots from England. 

For any people who belong to E-M123*, here are some useful links and suggestions:

- Please join the E-M35 project at FamilyTreeDna.com - this is a group where we can use as a reference.

- If you have a big-Y or other full sequence test, you can also join Yfull and upload your data there. This is our branch there - E-Y31991 YTree (yfull.com)

- TheYtree website - it is free for uploading - https://www.theytree.com/tree/E-FT20896

- Please leave any comment if you are confirmed as E-M123* so we can add you to the list. Ideally, only the confirmed haplogroup and country will be useful, although if someone wishes to add a city or a county/province, that would be appreciated. 

- Forum threads about our haplogroup exist at:

https://genarchivist.com/showthread.php?tid=321
https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/e-m123.33292/
http://community.haplozone.net/

Map of ancient E samples:

Ancient samples - Y-DNA DE – Google My Maps

Special gratitude to Adam D. who helped a lot with collecting many individual samples and papers.